Does developing consensus of Appropriation (COA) among team members of Essay

Does creating accord of Appropriation (COA) among colleagues of the virtual condition impact the result of compelling coordinated effort - Essay Example The edge work utilized for this investigation was Adaptive Structuration Theory (AST) which depends on Anthony Giddens Structuration hypothesis (DeSanctis and Poole, 1994). From the examination, we can infer that the outcomes obtained are questionable and don't present the total image of the exploration on accord of allocation because of different impediments. In the past data innovation principally upheld business works by simply improving the productivity. Propelled data innovations (AIT) are intended to help coordination alongside relational correspondence which encapsulate to another class of data advances ( DeSanctis and Poole 1994). Embracing the Adaptive Structuration Theory Framework (AST) accentuates how Advance Information Technology is utilized to intercede any impact on the powerful joint effort in a GDSS framework. The viable utilization of Group Support frameworks (GSS) to help work in little gatherings has been a significant subject of exploration since the mid 1980s as the significant spotlight was on the innovation as opposed to the components which impact the result of powerful joint effort in GSS. GDSS plans to improve the procedure of dynamic by expelling correspondence boundaries. The elements affecting gathering critical thinking include: hesitance to take an interest, conflicting perspectives about the difficult's pa rts and their connections, undue predominance by one individual in the gathering, propensity towards untimely union, inefficient evasion or heightening of contention, and issues of administration (DeSanctis, 1996).It is intriguing to take a gander at the effect of creating accord of Appropriation (COA) among colleagues of the virtual condition and whether it impacts the result of successful joint effort. The effect of innovation allotment and accord improvement on the joint effort viability of the virtual gatherings is the subject which has certain points of view for the further exploration, and the reason for such supposition lies in the way that the paces of mechanical advancement at present are the most noteworthy, and their effect on the human life and on the choice results as a piece of the virtual gatherings' presentation ought not be thought little of. This is the reason I chose to make this theme the subject of my examination, utilizing the Adaptive Structuration Theory and abstract assets as the reason for the investigation and conversation of the outcomes gained. Foundation The informational collection utilized for examination was taken from the second semester of 2003 which was a joint exertion between the principal year understudies at Uppsala University at Sweden and the third year understudies of Auckland University of Technology (AUT) in New Zealand. The community database was created utilizing Lotus Notes at the school of processing and Information Sciences, AUT. The online joint effort comprises of two stages. The principal stage is Icebreaking movement which really permits various clients to present themselves and get acquainted with the database so as to investigate various highlights of it. . Toward the finish of the stage one, the client assesses and remarks on the icebreaking task. The following stage is the cooperative choice stage in which the gathering individuals needed to assess 3 sites and in like manner rank them dependent on gathering

Management Research Project; Hiring Function Recruitment and Selected Paper

The executives Project; Hiring Function Recruitment and Selected - Research Paper Example The procedure that has been utilized in this specific research paper would be fused into the examination concentrate in order to recognize the insufficiencies of GOME electric organization and approaches to dispense with them from the framework. The examination theme that has been chosen is an investigation on the employing, enlistment and determination capacity of the GOME electric organization in China. The subject is beneficial from the perspective of commentator and furthermore from the point of view of association. This exploration study would empower the association that has been chosen to improve its degree of productivity and even spare the general cost that is related with the execution of business tasks. The organization possesses an enormous pieces of the overall industry in the retail business of gadgets in China and has likewise had the option to improve its dissemination activity across different areas. The analyst has a work involvement with the chose association thus the inadequacy in recruiting and choice procedure can be effectively featured. The report structure would include basically an examination goal and questions followed by calculated establishment. The discoveries of the examination would be founded on center gathering study and meetings with key staff of the association which would be bolstered by auxiliary information. The motivation behind the exploration paper that has been chosen for the specific research study has been to improve the part of innovation in every single imaginable segment. The examination paper expresses that innovation is a piece of regular daily existences and has an extraordinary significance in the human asset the board. The idea of innovation reduces the expense and simultaneously even empowers the activity searchers to investigate more open doors at all conceivable time. The exploration point was to recognize the different preferences just as impediments of consolidating e-enrollment in the framework. The justification of the exploration paper is that the discoveries of this specific paper would be gainful for other association just as employment

When Authors Read Their Own Audiobooks (Nonfiction Edition)

When Authors Read Their Own Audiobooks (Nonfiction Edition) Several months ago I wrote about finally trying out audiobooks. I had a pretty narrow viewpoint and had very specific qualifications for the books I would be willing to listen to. I have since expanded those specifications to a point, but I still prefer books narrated by one person. There’s a genre in which this is pretty prominent, and there are some great books to choose from: memoir. If a new memoir isn’t read by the author, it’s actually kind of disconcerting. It’s understandable that they might not to want to spend the equivalent of a workweek talking into a microphonebut still. The switch from Salman Rushdie’s voice to a different reader after the prologue of Joseph Anton was off-putting; knowing Bad Feminist wasn’t being read by Roxane Gay made a little wall for me, taking away from the intimacy such a narrative usually brings to heart. BUT. There are some great memoirs and personal essay collections that have been read by the authors themselves. For one, when they’re written by funny people, they’re the best people to bring forth their humor. While several years old, Bossypants will probably withstand the test of time. Same goes for Yes, Please, Is Everyone Hanging Out Without Me? and Bedwetter (which I haven’t actually listened to but I imagine is pretty goodfunny, even, if you’re a fan of Sarah Silverman’s humor. Which I’m not). Neil Patrick Harris’s autobiography couldn’t be half as funny read by someone else, and if Billy Crystal isn’t telling his stories, why would we listen? Two words: John. Waters. It’s not just the funny people who put their best feet forward. Sidney Poitier will hold you captive for hours at a time while taking you with him on his journey. Wes Moore, first on his journey through The Other Wes Moore and later during his trek through early adulthood, tells the story in a heartfelt way that feels far more real that it might from a professional. And Christopher Plummer, letch that he is, will tell you about nearly 80 years of adventure and escapades like you were hanging out over a beer. Sometimes, though, the author has a marvelously soothing voice. Not particularly good for a slow day at work or sitting in traffic. No more Bill Bryson for me. There are other highlights in nonfiction that have been read by the author. Reza Aslan was determined to read the audiobook for Zealot and Jill Lepore felt the same need for The Secret History of Wonder Woman. Neither is a professional, but the passion for their work comes through in every word spoken. Nothing bores me more than a listless audiobook. This doesn’t mean, of course, that every author who reads their own book does it perfectly. But there’s something about reading your own wordsfor any of usthat just feels right. ____________________ Book Riot Live is coming! Join us for a two-day event full of books, authors, and an all around good time.

Oedipus The King, Or Oedipus Rex - 1249 Words

Ancient Greece was renowned for its classical tragedies, the most famous probably being Sophocles’ Oedipus the King, or Oedipus Rex. For a play to be considered a tragedy, it must have a tragic hero. According to Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero, they must be a decent moral person, of high social standing who eventually meets with a tragic downfall, of their own doing, suffering more than deserved, and realizing their error too late. In the play Oedipus the King, Oedipus is the epitome of a tragic hero. Oedipus Rex was generally a â€Å"good† person; he was a caring, fair ruler to the people of Thebes, and tried to relieve his people, whom he lovingly referred to as his â€Å"children†, of all hardships that came. By calling his people his â€Å"children†, Oedipus is looked at as a father-figure and is respected by his people. He earned the title as king after solving the Sphinx’s riddle and lifting the plague from Thebes. He then marr ied Jocasta, the recently widowed Queen of Corinth and his mother, which he did not know at the time. When Oedipus was born, an oracle had told his parents, the rulers of Corinth, that he would kill his father and marry his mother. In horror to this news, his parents had left the baby to die on a mountain side, where someone found him and raised him as their own. Oedipus learns the truth of his fate years later, he vows to leave the city of Corinth and lead a noble life, which would prevent this horrendous fate from occurring. Fulfilling the secondShow MoreRelatedOedipus Rex By Oedipus The King1206 Words   |  5 PagesOedipus’ evolution throughout the Theban plays is one with fascinating twists and turns. Oedipus’ characterisation evolves and changes as he experiences the fall from being the great ruler of Thebes into a blind beggar who is tortured by what he did. As the stories progress, so does their protagonist to the point where the Oedipus of the second play is a completely different man. In Oedipus Rex, the main character is portrayed as a strong and clever yet arrogant king whose ignorance leads him toRead MoreOedipus The King, Oedipus Rex1329 Words   |  6 PagesIn Sophocles’ 5th century Greek tragedy Oedipus the King, Oedipus Rex infamously murders his father and weds his mother in a bout of dramatic irony. This engenders the predicament of whether these crimes are justifiable or not. Those who are procrustean in regards to Oedipus’ crimes may insularly claim that they cannot be rationalized. However, further acknowledgement of this quandary brings forth the idea that Oedipus’ crimes of patricide and incest are clearly justified by how his lack of phronesisRead MoreOedipus Rex, Or Oedipus The King972 Words   |  4 PagesOedipus Rex, or Oedipus the King, has been translated thousands of times from the original ancient Greek version to English of varying recency. Consequently, each work varies incredibly in its m eaning and its presentation of Oedipus and the tragedy surrounding him. Two translations of Sophocles’ ancient play, one translated by Robert Fagles and the other by J.T. Shepherd, are perfect illustrations of this concept. Although these two works share several similarities, they vary greatly in their presentationRead More tragoed The Tragic Figure of Oedipus the King (Oedipus Rex)923 Words   |  4 PagesThe Tragic Figure of Oedipus Rex  Ã‚     Ã‚   Sophocles is perhaps one of the greatest tragedians ever. Sophocles said that a man should never consider himself fortunate unless he can look back on his life and remember that life without pain. For Oedipus Rex, looking back is impossible to do without pain. This pain stems from his prideful life. Oedipus is aware that he alone is responsible for his actions. Oedipus freely chooses to pursue and accept his own lifes destruction. Even though fate victimizesRead More tragoed Essay on the Tragic Flaws of Oedipus the King (Oedipus Rex)696 Words   |  3 Pages The Tragic Flaws of Oedipus Rex nbsp; At one time in our lives there is a moment that we may think of ourselves as better than someone or something else. There may also be a point when making a decision leads to a great error in judgment. In the play Oedipus Rex, written by Sophocles, both of these characteristics can be seen in the main character. These characteristics are known as tragic flaws. These flaws are known as hubris meaning excess pride, leading to overconfidence, and hamartiaRead More Comparing Oedipus Rex and King Lear Essay1478 Words   |  6 PagesComparing Oedipus Rex and King Lear   Ã‚   Oedipus Rex and King Lear are, as their titles announce, both about kings. These two plays are similar in theme and in the questions they pose to the audience. The kings in each play both fall from the pinnacle of power to become the most loathed of all classes in society; Oedipus discovers that he is a murderer and committer of incest, and Lear becomes a mad beggar. Misjudgments occur in both plays, and the same questions about the gods, fate, and freeRead More tragoed Oedipus as the Ideal Tragic Hero of Oedipus the King (Oedipus Rex)1217 Words   |  5 PagesOedipus as the Ideal Tragic Hero of Oedipus the King In the introduction to Sophocles Oedipus the King, Sophocles defines a tragic hero as one who [behaves] admirably as a man, [but who] is nevertheless tripped up by forces beyond his control and understanding... (Sophocles 76).   In Oedipus the King, Oedipus is the tragic hero. The force that trips up the hero is fate, or, moira. It is Oedipuss actions that set the events into motion,   but it is ultimately his fate, and his attemptedRead More Comparing the Strategy of a Runner with that of King Oedipus of Oedipus Rex and Creon of Antigone1859 Words   |  8 PagesComparing the Strategy of a Runner with that of King Oedipus of Oedipus Rex and Creon of Antigone A runner must use a strategy that is specific to that style of racing. If a distance runner attempts to apply pacing to a short sprint he has lost the race before approaching the start. Although racing strategies differ between every individual race it is possible to associate some basic strategies used in particular types of races. These techniques are common amongst the runnersRead More The Impact of Truth in Oedipus Rex (the King) Essay example1205 Words   |  5 Pages The Impact of Truth in Oedipus Rex (the King)nbsp;nbsp; Truth has made me strong. This is a quote from Tiresias, one of the characters in Sophocless tragedy, Oedipus Rex. The quote has different meaning and relevance for each of the different characters, but for the character of Creon, the quote is completely true. By the end of the play, the truth had not only prompted Oedipus to forgive Creon, clearing his name of any previous accusations, but the truth had also made Creon OedipussRead More tragoed Oedipus the King (Oedipus Rex) as Ideal Tragic Hero1245 Words   |  5 PagesOedipus Rex as the Ideal Tragic Hero If we give ourselves up to a full sympathy with the hero, there is no question that the Oedipus Rex fulfills the function of a tragedy, and arouses fear and pity in the highest degree. But the modern reader, coming to the classic drama not entirely for the purpose of enjoyment, will not always surrender himself to the emotional effect. He is apt to worry about Greek fatalism and the justice of the downfall of Oedipus, and, finding no satisfactory solution

Academic Dishonesty Among High School Students - 1039 Words

Academic dishonesty among high school student By: Sukhmanveer kaur sidhu Academic dishonesty or academic misconduct is any type of cheating that occurs in relation to a formal academic exercise . It consist of any deliberate attempt to falsify,fabricate or otherwise to tamper with data, information , records, or any other material that is relevant to students participation in any course, laboratory, or other academic function. It also include any act, which is designed to obtain fraudulently either for oneself or for someone else . High school students in particular conveniently place the blame on others the school, teachers, parents or society Cheating is a complex issue for most of the students (eg: Michales Mithe,1989).Discussion about academic dishonesty are clearly influenced by social and school norms as well as attitude of teacher and most importantly friends (Mc cabe Trevion , 1993,1997) there are many children who are haslital of direct copying material from various sites of internet and present them as their own. Students who cheat may be getting higher grades than they deserve. For example a survey of high school teachers found that cheating is partially responsible for grade inflation (Bushneller 1999) when students see other student cheating and do not see any faculty member and administration addressing such behaviour they may think that academic dishonestyShow MoreRelatedAcademic Dishonesty Is Defined By Wikipedia1199 Words   |  5 PagesAcademic Dishonesty Rhett Anderson EDUC-6380-70Y July 15th, 2014 Abstract Academic Dishonesty is defined by Wikipedia as, Any type of cheating that occurs in relation to a formal academic exercise. It is becoming a large epidemic that is hurting both students and teachers. With the high pressure that our society puts on success is making students justify cheating in order to get ahead. There any many forms of cheating that occur in a school setting. In this paper we are going to focus on theRead MoreAcademic Plagiarism And Academic Dishonesty932 Words   |  4 Pagescontributor to academic dishonesty. Forgetting to study can cause those who would not usually cheat to stoop low and look at someone else s work. Some students rely on cheating to make their way through high school or college. Academic dishonesty is a way lazy students take advantage of hard working students. Whether the academic dishonesty is caused because of the lack of preparation, a poor work ethic, or by having a poor home life; it usually leads to violating academic dishonesty schoo l policies andRead MoreEssay on Academic Dishonesty: A Corruptive Social Norm1412 Words   |  6 PagesWho Cheats Cheaters come in all shapes and sizes. In fact, 75% of all students openly admit to some form of academic dishonesty throughout their educational career (Cheating Fact Sheet). With so many people who openly admit to academic dishonesty, certain categories of students tend to exhibit more cheating behaviors than others. One classification consists of students in a group. Studies have found that cheating is more prevalent in group oriented settings, such as fraternities and sororitiesRead MorePlagiarism, The Most Common Form Of Academic Dishonesty923 Words   |  4 PagesIf an assignment is due in an hour, would a student copy an already created work or use their own creativity to produce a composition? The most expedient choice would be to copy and, not credit the source in order to complete the assignment on time. Acts of academic dishonesty such as copying is growing among today s student. Plagiarism, the most common form of academic dishonesty, is going â€Å"viral† as stu dents misinterpret or disregard the essence of what plagiarism is. Such actions may appear toRead MoreEssay on What is Cheating and Why Cheating is Bad?1219 Words   |  5 PagesCheating is Bad? In this paper, we discuss how academic dishonesty in general and what role if any, the structure and teaching of courses – as a part of business management curriculum in particular – plays, in curbing that dishonesty. Cheating can be defined as any act of academic dishonesty and is encountered in various forms. There has been extensive research [Whitley, 1998] to analyze fraudulent exercises- especially in undergraduate school setting. 72% students report to have taken part in at least oneRead More The Internet Plagiarism Explosion Essay1443 Words   |  6 Pagesplagiarism among high school and college students. Because the Internet is so young, there have been few studies conducted on the extent of Internet plagiarism. However, existing studies do show that the Internet is an extremely popular tool students use to cheat on written assignments. In any group of students, some will choose the path of academic dishonesty and copy the words or ideas of another person without giving credit to the author. The advent of the Internet has opened new ways for students toRead MoreAcademic Dishonesty: Applying Technology in Plagiarism1564 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Academic dishonesty, specifically cheating and plagiarism, recently has increased in popularity. Students often justify unethical academic behavior. Technological innovations, like the cellular telephone, have provided students with new methods of cheating. Plagiarism has also been influenced through technologies, specifically internet companies have emerged that provide unethical solutions to academic assignments. â€Æ' Academic Dishonesty: Applying Technology to Cheat Defined asRead MoreApplying Personal Values to Education1215 Words   |  5 PagesApplying personal values to education Ââ€" A student perspective A university, like organizations and communities, are comprised of individuals representing different cultural and religious backgrounds. In defining the rules of conduct for individuals functioning together, it is necessary to formally define those rules to ensure that all are aware of the common values that should be adhered to and the consequences of non-adherence. For students attending the University of Phoenix, there is theRead MoreWhere Do We Draw The Line Between What Should And Should1605 Words   |  7 Pagesinstitutions are qualified to do so? I point to 1987 as an example of the corruption that can take place inside the walls of any university. In the 1980s, Southern Methodist University set up a slush fund that was designated for â€Å"recruiting† the best high school football players in the nation. After the scandal was discovered by the NCAA, the SMU program was wiped off the map for an entire year. In the thirty years since being handed the â€Å"death penalty†, SMU football has only collected a handful of winningRead MoreWhy Do Students Cheat?1065 Words   |  5 PagesWhy do students cheat? It is a rare individual who actively chooses to be dishonest. But why do a few students make compromising choices? What can lead people to act in ways that they aren t proud of? Below are some underlying beliefs and confusions which students at Carnegie Mellon give as explanations for slipping standards of integrity. A Victimless Crime? Students generally are familiar with the disciplinary actions and penalties for getting caught. However, they may fail to understand

Vitamin D Deficiency - 852 Words

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is widely prevalent in the world. Several lines of evidence support a relation between seasonal variations in serum vitamin D and higher relapse rates in MS patients in winter. Objective: To examine whether levels of vitamin D are associated with multiple sclerosis relapse. Methods: In this study 60 patients in relapse and 60 patients in remission matched controls were included. Results: patients in relapse had significantly lower 25(OH) D levels than 60 patients in remission matched controls (p= 0.004), Vitamin D insufficiency (10 ng/ml) was significantly higher in patients in relapse compared to those in remission (p= 0.03). Conclusion: The results of our study indicated that an association between lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and higher risk of relapse among people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Keywords: Multiple sclerosis, 25-hydroxy vitamin D Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disorder of the CNS, that most common affecting among young adults, particularly more prevalence in high-latitude regions (1-4), and believed to affect over 2 million people in the worldwide (5). Although the aetiology of MS remains unclear, but the prevailing thought is that MS is triggered by both genetic and environmental factors and their interactions have been implicated in developing MS (6). Vitamin D is a steroid vitamin that acts like a hormone and we get vitamin D from two sources: exposure to sunlight and food,Show MoreRelatedThe Truth about Vitamin D Deficiency Essay1642 Words   |  7 PagesVitamin D deficiency: In the event that you avoid the sun, experience the ill effects of milk anaphylaxes, or stick to a strict veggie lover diet, you may be at danger for vitamin D inadequacy. Known as the daylight vitamin, vitamin D is transformed by the body because of daylight. It is additionally happens characteristically in a couple of sustenance’s including some fish, fish liver oils, and egg yolks - and in sustained dairy and grain items. Vitamin D is key for solid bones on the groundsRead MoreVitamin D Deficiency: A Major Cause of Concern in Ireland 2707 Words   |  11 PagesYes, Vitamin D deficiency has indeed become a major cause of concern in Ireland as it has recently been highlighted that most Irish people are deficient in this essential vitamin. According to the Irish Osteoporosis society 74% of Irish adults and 88% of Irish primary school children, have less than half of the recommended daily amount of vitamin D. As well as bone health problems deficiency has recently shown cause cancers, diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This can be defined as a majorRead MoreDifferent Methods Of Preventing Vitamin D Deficiency And Seasonal Affective Disorder1742 Words   |  7 Pagesoccurs around the same time every year (Partonen, 1998). It is hypothesized that being deficient in vitamin D is a reason for having seasonal affective disorder. We have researched four different methods of preventing vitamin D defi ciency and seasonal affective disorder. The most used methods of achieving adequate vitamin D levels were found to be indoor tanning, natural light, light therapy and vitamin D supplementation. This research is important because it affects the well-being and quality of lifeRead MoreCardiovascular Disease With Vitamin D Deficiency2233 Words   |  9 PagesDisease with Vitamin D Deficiency Introduction Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin. the primarily source of vitamin d is exposure to sunlight, and we can find the vitamin D naturally . Vitamin D2 is generally produced in humans from 7- dehydrocholecalciferol upon exposure to ultraviolet light. in addition vitamin D2 and D3 can metabolized by human body (Zhang Naughton, 2008). However, highly prevalent of deficiency of vitamin D in the orarld spicially in United State. Vitamin D deficiency are presentRead MoreIntroduction. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (Copd)1383 Words   |  6 Pagespoor quality of life, an increase in health care utilization, or even mortality. COPD has been linked to vitamin D deficiency. However, the effects of Vitamin D deficiency, pertaining to COPD, on skeletal muscle has never really been observed and remain unclear. What is known is that low serum levels of Vitamin D in the body (below 20ng/ml), serum levels being levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-(OH)D), is associated with a reduction in muscle strength and performance, which lead to muscle atrophy. InRead MoreVitamin D and Athletic Performance Essay1486 Words   |  6 Pageswithin the body and from that how they can influence the body’s ability to perform while under duress. An example of such would be the stress of athletic performance. Vitamin D, which is al so referred to as cholecalciferol, is one of the fat soluble vitamins that have been attributed to influencing athletic performance. However, vitamin D is not as much a â€Å"performance enhancing† nutrient in the sense that when taken in higher amounts it will aid athletic performance, but rather when in deficient amountsRead MoreThe Sunshine Vitamin or Vitamin D Essay946 Words   |  4 Pages+Vitamin D and hair growth are inextricably linked, according to research. Vitamin D, otherwise known as the sunshine vitamin, is composed of a group of fat-soluble compounds that mainly shapes the development and sustenance of bone health. It primarily regulates the gastric absorption of magnesium, calcium, zinc and other minerals that fortify bone density, strength and structure. +Recent studies have mapped out the connection between vitamin D deficiency and diseases of the skin, heart and prematureRead MoreRikets739 Words   |  3 PagesRickets is caused by a vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus deficiency. Rickets is the softening and weakening of the bones in children. Skeletal deformities and fractures can occur because the bones are so soft and weak. Rickets can also cause dental issues, bone deformities, muscle weaknesses and several other serious health issues (Wagner amp; Greer, 2008). Rickets is seen in children during periods of rapid physical development because during growth a great deal of vitamin D, phosphorus, and calciumRead MoreThe White Plague of Tuberculosis1854 Words   |  7 Pagespredisposing factor for all infectious diseases including the great white scourge, tuberculosis. Vitamin deficiency and malnutrition are the biggest challenges in the large geographical area of developing countries where the disease burden of tuberculosis is noticeably very high. Vitamins are the most essentially needed organic compounds to maintain body’s normal physiology and boost the protective immunology. Vitamins are responsible for a spectrum of vital functions in body due to their anti-oxidant, pro-oxidantRead MorePico : Depression : Pico1296 Words   |  6 Pagesin the spring (Kerr et al., 2013). Vitamin D has proven effective against SAD and could, potentially, be used as a therapy against depression in the elderly (Kerr et al., 2013). The population in thi s analysis is the elderly. The intervention is vitamin D supplements. There is no comparison group but the objective or outcome is a reduction in depression symptoms. Therefore, the Pico question is: Do the elderly have fewer symptoms of depression when given vitamin D supplements? Part II: Search

Age Diversity free essay sample

A more diverse workforce does not necessarily mean more problems. Diverse workforce can however be seen as something positive that may bring positive impact to an organisation despite of all the challenges that the management as well as the employees may have to deal with. In this essay, I will focus on age the aspect of diversity often been avoided, the organisational behaviour challenges that are created and lastly, knowledge and skills managers have to develop. Generations are sectioned into the Traditionalists (born 1900-1945), the Baby Boomers (born 1946-1964), the Generation Xers (born 1965-1980), and the Millennials (born 1981-2000). The Traditionalists have core values of dedication, hard work, conformity, discipline, loyalty, consistency and patience. The Baby Boomers on the other hand, believe in growth and expansion, optimistic, service oriented, driven, willing to â€Å"go the extra mile†, and good team players. The Generation Xers attained the core values of diversity, thinking globally, balance, techno-literacy, fun, informality, adaptability, independent, and pragmatism. We will write a custom essay sample on Age Diversity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And lastly, the Millennials, whose core values are optimism, civic duty, confidence, achievement, sociability, morality, and street smarts. They also have multi capabilities and technology savvy. (Zemke, R, Raines, C Filipczak, B 2000) With the differences in personalities and values among generations, there bound to be misperceptions of one another. Thus, conflict arises where values differ and needs varies. This is where several organizational behaviour challenges come to surface. Some negative impacts that are related are such as how costly it can be when companies have to set policies, develop procedures, and create everything from corporate cultures to compensation and benefit plans, and how challenging it can be for the managers who are charged with recruiting, managing and motivating up to four generations in the workplace at once. One of the greater challenges is to purge stereotyping. Stereotyping occurs everywhere, some of which are exaggerating or discriminating. Media is one of the greater influences that contribute to stereotyping. It puts negative images into our minds, and these affect how we view each of the generations. Stereotypes also arise from resentment. For example the Generation Xers resent the Traditionalists for being resistant to change, or Boomers resent Xers for finding it so easy to change jobs whenever they feel like it (Lancaster, L. C Stillman, D 2002, p. 17). Another challenge is to cater to the different values each generation has. As mentioned earlier in the essay, each generation possesses their own values that eventually define who they are and their behaviour. Organisations rely on individuals to make decisions and take actions that achieve corporate objectives. Consequently, values represent a potentially influential approach to keep employees’ decisions and actions aligned with corporate goals (McShane, S Travaglione, T 2005, p. 111). Also a challenge is to provide adequate training for unskilled and inexperienced workers. It is not just simply providing. Other issues such as the cost, time and abilities have to be considered. Basically, the complications of generational collisions at work include everything from reduced profitability to the loss of valuable employees, higher payroll cost, wasted human potential, and even serious health problems caused by stress. Bridging the generation gap is becoming more important in the workplace because networking and relationships are more central to job performance. Apart from the government and organisation, managers also play a huge part. Managers must first have understanding of the diverse workforce, obtain the knowledge of almost every aspects of the diversity and develop certain skills to deal with the challenges. Managers have to appreciate all perspectives, eliminating biasness, and encourage employees and team members to see the value of all (Chang, R. Y 1996). One of the many ways is to practice diversity awareness training which sensitises people about stereotypes and prejudices that may undermine the benefits of diversity. The training dispels myths about people from different backgrounds and may bring out subtle prejudices through role-plays and exercises. (McShane, S Travaglione, T 2005, p. 88) Other strategies may include encouraging employees to work in diverse teams and open up communication lines. Contact that involves working together and communication toward meaningful goals is most likely to bridge generational differences. (Carr-Ruffino, N 1999, p. 283) Different managerial skills are needed to help manage different generations. Basically, it comes down to managers being observant; monitoring the performance of employees; having the ability to evaluate weaknesses and provide training and development strategies to strengthen the weaker skills in the team; being able to communicate well; motivating; making good decisions; and demonstrating knowledge and expertise.

Press Censorship Essays - Censorship, Historical Revisionism

Press Censorship There are many kinds of censorship within our school system. Such as press Censorship, we aren't aloud to express freely among our school's newspaper nor yearbook. I believe that we should be able to write anything that the student wants to see on the newspaper. Equivalent to the yearbook, students should be able to have the right tosay whatever they want for a SENIOR quote. Freedom of the press ensures Americans great freedom of choice in what they can read and see. This should also apply to our community public schools, we should be given the right inside school just as much as outside. Its like a fellow classmate said today in class, "Its like we are not in America anymore when we step onto school grounds." I believe in this point that he made because it is just like that. Our freedoms are limited in a way to where we can barely express ourselves within the school newspapers and yearbook. One type of publication that has never been given First Amendment protection is obscenity. This is one thing that I can agree with; certain things are absolutely immoral and inappropriate, such as pornography and foul language to an extent. However, the rules and regulations of our schools newspaper and yearbook need to be a little more just, to fit our rights of press. I would like our school to be among the first to allow the students almost every right to print whatever they would like to write about. But, not every freedom is absolute.... If they were, our school system would be in total chaos.

Beyond Good and Evil What is noble

Beyond Good and Evil What is noble Key Characteristics that Comprise the ‘Noble Man’ Nietzsche exposes the wanting state of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries’ moral rationale, highlighting the most challenging, yet simple, prescription of embracing the all unaltered natural law on the order of human existence as the only credible solution which can restore man to self re-discovery and to realizing the initial moral code of expression (Nietzsche, 2004, p. 219).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Beyond Good and Evil: What is noble? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It has hitherto been the concern of our aristocratic society to discover and define the various perspectives of exalting ‘man’ since time began, unknown to us that our society is stratified into varied ‘social status cocoons’ in a drive to define human worth (Nietzsche, 2004, p. 212). These social cocoons which have been handed down from genera tion to generation- currently still prevailing steadily mar the human society with such moral decadence as oppression, slavery, corruption and the vain embrace of vanity. Societal moral decadence is best evidenced in the uninformed self justification, self righteousness, the ardent desire for self actualization and self realization, the drive for recognition, and the craving for power – even the earnest desire to retain power (Nietzsche, 2004, p. 212) .Hence, the once noble man has deteriorated in personal and societal degradation to the point of subjecting him/herself to weak and beggarly moral codes of justification standards. Aristocracy has bequeathed us with records of the ever enduring and prevailing corruption trends, yet the aristocrat has forsaken his kingly prerogative and yielded to mere functions of loyalty (Nietzsche, 2004, p. 213). This has paved the way for the popular fundamental principles of the world to take root and gain preeminence, which has indoctrinate d man to blindly ape the strivings of men so that he/she may not suffer reproach, rejection or exploitation – culminating to the festering and incurable wound of sacrificing one’s own will; self denial. To escape these strong delusions, the noble man critically analysis their basis and resists all the loopholes which suppress man’s autonomy (Nietzsche, 2004, p. 213). The prevailing diversity of moralities can be classified into two distinct forms; the master- morality and the slave morality, on the basis of who formulates societal moralities (Nietzsche, 2004, p. 214). The former originates from the ruling caste, who gladly assumes superiority over the ruled and the latter from the suppressed peasants. Master- morality’s view of the ‘good’ regards the social status (order of rank), is exalted, parades itself and is of a proud disposition. The noble man, on the other hand, approves himself as the designer of moral values, he seeks no human prai se rather he makes rational moral decisions upon examining all parameters (Nietzsche, 2004, p. 214).Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In essence, he is not only true and kind to himself but also to his fellow humans. He is generous to the needy and refrains from doing those moral practices which are offensive to himself; for in so doing he in one way or the other declares the act offensive in itself to all humanity, thus guiding and protecting humanity from ills (Nietzsche 2004, p. 214). Survival for the fittest’ has characterized the aristocratic community in all human settings, for instance, the aristocratic common wealth of Venice with men poised to power retention under all cost, with great struggle for resources- men seek their species to prevail lest they be exterminated (Nietzsche, 2004, p. 215). Yet the noble man conducts himself safely, in a good natured mann er, is somewhat stupid and is prone to deception. He bears all the scone for slave morality, being at the threshold of being deprived his autonomous rights. Universal moral trends are cross cutting and need to be within easy access to all human social strata, for instance, the fundamental desire for freedom, the instinct for happiness, and the autonomous liberty are as much a right to the slave morality as they are for the estimation of the aristocratic society (Nietzsche, 2004, p. 215).This is the underlying principle which demystifies the cross cutting passion for love in all moral settings of the human society. Vanity is arguably one of the most complex and difficult things for the noble man to understand; it baffles the noble man’s mind on how vanity finds its authentic applicability in social and moral settings of the human community (Nietzsche, 2004, p. 216). One would readily deny it even when he is attached to and upholds it, upon examination through inquisitive inter rogation. While one may approve of the concept of vanity in human settings, there is a great risk of mistaken identity as pertains to one’s own values, yet at the same moment seeking a proper acknowledgement from people based on the precise estimation of his/her value (Nietzsche, 2004, p. 217). Otherwise, the noble man would find him/her self in compromising situations whereby he/she would be compelled to concur with other people’s ideas centrally to his/her convictions. Thus, of necessity the noble man ought to understand that from ancient days the ordinary man was that, which he passed for. This would give him/her the audacity, courage and the autonomy to assert and uphold his/her convictions (Nietzsche, 2004, p. 217). The human instinct of rank is above a true reflection of a higher rank to which all reverence should be duly and gladly ascribed. It is thus in accordance to tester of souls, with the noble aim of establishing the ultimate value of a soul, to let those things which are not of the highest rank occasionally occur and refine the unalterable rank of the soul (Nietzsche, 2004, p. 218).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Beyond Good and Evil: What is noble? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For, as surely as the highest order exists, even so would every object of defilement be expelled, when the soul yields to what is worthy all due respect. Contrary to the perceived notion that no one should touch anything, that there are holy experiences before which one must take off their shoes and keep away the unclean hand, the noble man recognizes his royal position of rank and goes right into the order of the highest rank (Nietzsche, 2004, p. 218). The moral constitution in the soul of every child is subject to that of his ancestors and cannot be easily effaced, even so not now, thus a child draws the persistent plebeians of all times; varied offensive incontinences, sordid envies and clumsy self-vaunting from their ancestors as surely as bad blood (Nietzsche, 2004, p. 218). A noble man is egoistic, belonging to the essence of the ‘high rank nobles’, to whom other beings must naturally subject themselves. On account of true justice, the noble man accepts the unalterable fact of his egoism without reservations for it is a true endorsement of natural laws (Nietzsche, 2004, p. 219). The noble man also, does recognize and appreciate the fact that there are other equally favored as he, and thus liberates himself by taking his place in enjoying the natural endowments with fellow ‘high rank nobles’. He honors himself in other people by giving and sharing liberally as the natural law of requital prompts him, for even the law is within him (Nietzsche, 2004, p. 220). The noble man is exalted, yet does not regard it. He is swayed humbled and brought low, yet he unflinchingly knows that he is at the top (Nietzsche, 2004, p. 220). Nietzsche Frie drich. Beyond Good and Evil. New York. Barnes Noble, 2004. Print.

On the book Burr by Vidal Gore Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

On the book Burr by Vidal Gore - Essay Example mellow down in his usual satiric stance, this being a historical novel, an exposition of the political events that unfolded a few decades after the American Revolution. If the latter, consumed so much passion, turbulence, physical energy and liters of gore spilled, we expect a subsidence, a quieting down and pacification in the decades following. In †Burr†, we’re in for a big surprise for there was turbulence and passions galore beside the rampant jockeying for positions and power, intrigues, scandals and hypocrisy. Gore Vidal was still in his element here still witty, bitchy and sardonic. But what sets â€Å"Burr† apart is the rampant iconoclasm. Gore Vidal’s guns were trained not only to traditional political institutions but to American ‘greats’ such as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, John Adams, James Madison and Martin Van Buren, who happened to be rumored here as Burr’s bastard son. Irreverent and sas sy, practically no one was spared here as Vidal cannot be stopped from unmasking the weaknesses and follies of revered heroes. Vidal’s interpretation of early American history, was therefore on the dark side. This interpretation was best expressed when Vidal put the following words in Burr’s mouth i.e. â€Å"Between the dishonest canting of Jefferson and the egotism of Hamilton, this state had been no live in a good world† ( Vidal 156). Vidal postulated that in this era the new nation still had to grope for stability; to organize things that were still in disarray; and had to strengthen its newly acquired independence and institutions. The Constitution, the legal system and the system of a 3-powered government desperately begged for amendments and rectifications as these were far from ideal and were subject to abuse. Vidal exposed the absence of the separation of powers among the judiciary, the executive and the legislative departments. That was why, President Jefferson was able to actively pursue the

Employment Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Employment Law - Essay Example Conformity may demand changing the equipment, circumstances, or workplace, such as hiring a sign language interpreter for deaf and mute workers, balanced with cost, feasibility, and whether modifications can be initiated to eliminate the burden to the disabled employee (Barnes et al. 1998). However, the theoretical outcome of legislation against discrimination is unclear. By providing them supplementary privileges, disabled individuals are more apt to work or provide labour. Yet greater expected expenditures may discourage employers from employing disabled workers (Oliver 1995). Without successful implementation strategies, employers will attempt to evade such additional costs. Such implementation can either be informal, such as ‘name and shame’, or formal, such as through ‘tribunals and courts’ (Massie 1994, 92). The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 created guidelines to deter discrimination against disabled individuals. It characterises a disabled individuals as an individual with mental or physical impairment which has a considerable and permanent damaging impact on his/her capacity to perform normal daily life activities (Great Britain 1995). Part II of the Act which was enforced in 1996 is grounded on the philosophy that disabled individuals should not be discriminated against in the workplace or employment or when looking for employment (Barnes et al. 1998). DDA 1995 stipulates that, as abovementioned, employers may have to undergo practical changes if their employment guidelines or workplaces situate disabled individuals at a considerable disadvantage in relation to physically able individuals (Great Britain 1995). This comprises the provision of supporting services or assistances. Nonetheless, there has been no preventative obligation to instigate these changes under the legislation. DDA 1995 initially enveloped employers with at least 15 workers (Barnes et al. 1998). Since 2004 this immunity has been

Privatisation of Local Government Services

Privatisation of Local Government Services Privatisation in Local Government:  Westminster City Council and Islington Council Introduction Privatisation is referred to as â€Å"the transfer of the transfer of ownership and control of State-owned enterprise (SOE)†, to the private sector. (Bortolotti et al., 2000; Siniscalo et al., 2001). Privatisation has become a major trend in the developed economies, the developing economies, as well as in emerging market economies. In Great Britain, privatisation began in the later 1970s during the reign of the Thatcher government. It later spread across other countries and continents to become a distinguishing feature of â€Å"fin de sicle capitalism†. (Bortolotti et al., 2000; Siniscalo et al., 2001). Privatisations are now common to most countries taking place across geographical regions and economic sectors. The 20 year period 1977 to 1997 witnessed 1,865 deals in more than 100 countries worth approximately US$750billion. (Bortolotti et al., 2000). Between 1977 and 1999, the total deals reported amounted to 2,459 in 121 countries worth US$1,110billion. (Siniscalo et al., 2001). The The World Bank suggests that global SOE value added witnessed a decline from 9 percent of GDP in 1978 to 6 percent of GDP in the 1978-91 period. In addition, privatisation has also had a tremendous impact on financial markets. In July 1998 for example, privatised SOEs had a combined market capitalisation of US$1.5trillion. (Bortolotti et al., 2000) and by 2001 the combined market capitalisation had risen to $3.31 trillion. (Siniscalo et al., 2001; Megginsson and Netter, 2001). It is often believed that privatisation leads to more efficient and effective management of the enterprise which should in turn generate superior shareholder value. However, Siniscalo et al. (2001) notes that few governments have completely transferred ownership of SOEs to the private sector. This is evidenced by the fact that only 30 percent of the 617 companies being considered sold the majority of stock in the reported public offerings between 1977-1999. In addition, there was no privatisation in 11 out of the 67 countries included in their study indicating that there is still greater control in the hands of the state. (Siniscalo et al., 2001). There are therefore a number of questions that need to be addressed including: why governments privatised; why some countries accomplish large scale privatisation while other never privatise at all; how governments privatise; why some governments privatise big stakes while others do it partially. (Siniscalo et al., 2001). In this, we provid e an analysis of a Local Government – Westminster City Council and Islington Council in London and their agendas on privatisation. Background The U.K remains the leading country towards privatisation among European countries in terms of the amount of state assets that have been sold so far. (David, 2002). However, other European countries are making efforts to catch up with the U.K with their interest in privatisation driven mainly by the U.K example, technological change and the European single market programme aimed at removing non-tariff barriers to trade in the E.U. (David, 2002). The main assumption of privatisation is that competitive markets are more efficient than monopolies in managing the resources of the state. It is often assumed that SOEs can be better managed by the private sector. According to the Audit Commission, the market mechanism has reduced service costs and improve service quality. Approximately  £80million has been saved as a result of recent efficiency improvements in corporate services as a result of the market mechanism. (Audit Commission, 2007). The concept of Privatisation was pioneered by th e U.K through the introduction of the Compulsory Competitive Tendering (CCT) in 1981 allowing the private sector to compete to deliver public services, the objective was ‘†¦to improve the efficiency of services that had previously been provided by the councils themselves.’ (Audit Commission, 2008). The Local Government Planning and Land Act (1980) and the Local Government Planning Act (1988) require local authorities to subject more and more of their services for competitive tendering. (Frederick, 1994). The services covered by the CCT can be performed by the local authority’s own employees only on the condition that the tender bid for the contract to provide those services is won by the in-house organisation. The services covered under CCT as defined by the 1980 Act include new construction; building maintenance; and some highway work. The 1988 Act extended the list to include refuse; building cleaning; street cleaning; schools and welfare catering; other catering; grounds maintenance; repair and maintenance of vehicles; and management of leisure facilities. The list was again extended through powers granted to the Secretary of State and the Local Government Act 1992 to include part or all of each of the following services: management; security; architectural; engineeri ng; property management; finance; personnel; legal; computing; corporate and administrative; housing management; home-to-school transport; libraries and theatres. (Federick, 1994). Since its institution, there have been significant benefits of CCT in terms of cost savings and in improvements in service quality. (Frederick, 1994). In-house organisations have often been supplemented by efficient private sector suppliers. Some of the contracts have been won by direct service organisations or direct labour organisations which c operate in very small sizes, are more cost conscious and responsive. These organisations have also improved the productivity and quality of service. (Frederick, 1994). Despite the benefit of CCT Federick (1994) observes one problems with the CCT. Under the CCT, local authorities are not allowed to undertake the provision of certain services in-house. Local authorities must therefore forgo the alternative of undertaking the activity in-house even if the in-house options turns out to be the most cost-effective approach. This is unlike the case for private sector organisations that can review the balance between organisation costs and transacti ons costs and decide, on the basis of cost-effectiveness, whether to outsource or to undertake the activity in-house. (Federick, 1994). The benefits of CCT can therefore be placed under two categories including; (i) improved organisational management ( resulting from clearer objectives, articulation of standards and setting of targets, better monitoring, reorganisation of work to improve productivity, reduction of waste, etc) achieved in response to the stimulus of competitive comparison (and thus the prospect of contracting out); (ii) substitution of (lower) transaction costs for (higher) organisational costs. (Frederick, 1994). CCT encourages competition among service providers and thus ensures that local authority services are provided efficiently. Taxpayers therefore achieve greater value for their money. However, the main problem with CCT is that customer value requirements are determined by the local council or authority and not by the taxpayers (or consumers) of the services provided by the local authorities. The best CCT can do for consumers is that it is capable of securing the most efficient provision of the services that the local authorities deem as necessary to be provided, not those actually wanted by the consumers. (Frederick, 1994). CCT has also made councils to be more aware of the consumers of local authority services. Surveys are now conducted by many types of council to find out what the public thinks about its services and how they would like the services improved. However, this those not still amount to providing the services that the consumers actually need. The council simply improves those services that it feels are needed by the consumers without asking them what they actually need. By so doing, consumers continues paying for the services through taxes even though they may not be deriving any value from them. Westminster City Council and Islington Council Westminster City Council In line with CCT West Minster City Council has been trying to improve on the services it provides to its consumers by soliciting the services of direct service or direct labour organisations. The objective of the Westminster City Council is to deliver a world class city, built on the delivery programmes of Order, Opportunity, Renewal and Enterprise. West Minster City Council was one of the councils to begin privatising its services even before the implementation of the CCT. For example, the council added the management of its indoor leisure centres to its list of services subject to CCT in advance of official government legislation with the objective of seeking tenders in early 1988 for contracts commencing in September 1988. (Prokopenko and Pavlin, 1991). The objective of the tender was for the management of one or all of the 5 leisure centres and was based on deficit financing. Contractors were expected to include alongside cost estimates in their prospectus methods that could be u sed to reduce the deficit while at the same time improving the service. The contract was awarded to City Centre Leisure (CCL) after severe competition with competitors. CCL was awarded a contract to manage two out of the five leisure centres including the Queen Mother Sports Centre in Victoria and the Seymour Leisure Centre in Marybone. The contract which with total cost  £2,590,300 carried a term of five years. (Prokopenko and Pavlin, 1991). Following six months after the contract was awarded, there was an increase in the number of people who used the facilities by 27,000 as compared to the same period during the previous year. The factors that contributed to the increase in the use of the service include: increased opportunities to use the service such as increased opening hours, more flexible programs particularly in the mornings, evenings and weekends; user survey action, taken to improve certain aspects of the service; introduction of customer-care training and encouragement with further efforts planned. (Prokopenko and Pavlin, 1991). More so, management was clearer and sharper about what they were trying to do than before. There was also an improvement in the attitude and interest levels of staff thereby leading to an increase in the quality of the service. (Prokopenko and Pavlin, 1991). One can observe that by privatising the leisure services to CCL, West Minster City Council helped to improved the quality of the service to taxpayers. More people were now willing to use the service because it was available at more affordable prices. It was also available at flexible times. People could therefore use the service without having to make adjustments to their work schedules since it could be accessed at both morning and evening hours. People on morning shift duties could use the service in the afternoons or evenings, while those of on night shift duties could use the service during morning or afternoon hours. In addition, the improvement in staff attitude and interest increased the quality of the service since more people perceived it as being of a high quality. Included in its business framework are: Obligations to improve; new audit and intervention arrangements; emphasis on accountability for decisions and performance; freedoms to trade and charge; freedoms to spend; and freedoms to invest. The council adopted the project â€Å"Once City 2008† which its part of its vision to meet the aforementioned objective. The aim of this project is to deliver strong communities, with low taxes and services of the highest quality, which are easy to access and available when as and when necessary. First launched in November 2005, the Once City programme has achieved excellent progress. (City of Westminster, 2009). The Council has set out a total of 30 initiatives to improve lives of people living and working in Westminster City. (City of Westminster, 2009). The Council aims at building on its commitment to low tax, with a freeze in Westminster’s share of council tax; foster its â€Å"Go Green plans† to make Westminster one of the most sustainable cities in the U.K; spend over  £150million to improve schools; and look at opportunities for new housing in the City. Another key priority for the new year is to work hard for the City’s younger and older residen ts, as well as speaking to parents about what more the council can do to support them as they manage their family role. The council launched its leading â€Å"Leading Older Person’s Matters† approach last year, which includes an enormously popular free tea dance at the Grosvenor House Hotel for over 1,000 old residents. (City of Westminster, 2009) The council has a duty of securing and improving best value for taxpayers’ money where best value is defined as continuous improvement in the performance of authority’s functions. In securing best value, West Minster City Councils strikes an appropriate balance among: (i) the quality of its performance of its functions; (ii) the cost to the authority of that performance; and (iii) the cost to persons of any service provided by it for them on a wholly or partly rechargeable basis. The council performs its duties in a manner that contributes to the achievement of sustainable development. Performance improvement is measured with regard to the outcomes that have been improved. Islington Council LBI struggled for a number of years to manage and administrate the benefit service, in October 1998 the service was outsourced to ITNet under a 7 year contract to improve service performance and delivery. In 2002 the Benefit Fraud Inspectorate (BFI) inspected LBI and ITNet the findings were highly critical of the Council’s ability to manage the contract National press interest in ITNet grew during 2001-2002, as Hackney Council terminated it’s contract with ITNet in April 2001, over the proposed 17,000 claims awaiting assessment. The financial implications where catastrophic, estimated to rise to at least  £11m to develop an in-house team to sort through the back log of claims. LBI decided to review it’s contract introducing new and stringent Key Performance Indicators (KPI) incentives and harsh penalties linked to service delivery and performance. (LBI, 2003). LBI was still subject to political and public scrutiny and condemnation of ITNet’s performance , the Ombudsmen Office could not withstand the number of complaints received A report to LBI Executive dated 20th February 2003 detailed the plans to revert to an in-house service from 1st May 2003 concluding: ‘The service has continually received criticism from claimants, Councillors, M.P’s, outside agencies and in the local press. The recent Benefit Fraud Inspectorate report highlighted that whilst the quality of the contract and the client side had improved†¦there had been no real improvements to claimants†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (LBI, 2003) In May 2003 LBI reverted the provision of the Housing Benefit Service to ‘in-house’ a year later the Audit Commission noted ‘Significant improvements have been achieved in previously weak areas, notably housing benefit services†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Audit, Commission, 2004). The LBI Executive agreed to exclude press and public knowledge in connection to ITNet to include ‘information relating to the financial or business affairs†¦or action taken in connection with legal proceedings, by or against the authority’. (LBI, 2003). The financial loses incurred by LBI from inception to termination of the contract have never been fully released. The service provision continued to improve by 2005 Housing Benefit had transformed from a one star service (weak) to a three star service (good), (Audit Commission, 2005). The Audit Commission on behalf of the Government have undertaken intensive research in respect to the implementation of privatisation –detailing three specific areas where there appears to be a consistent lack of: ‘Sufficient people with the procurement , risk or management skills to make effective use of market mechanisms; Information about public service markets that would enable them to use or develop those markets; and Information about delivery costs, management costs or service performance to determine the best service delivery option and the best way to secure that option.’ (Audit Commission, 2007). Lane, (2000) significantly highlights the complex issues regarding the ideology of privatisation: ‘†¦local governments†¦must learn to conduct processes of tendering/bidding in a transparent manner, as well as implementing contracts in an efficient manner, including the monitoring of fulfilment of the terms of a contract.’ A philosophy perhaps shared by Lynch (2006), suggesting the ‘transaction costs’ are a significant consideration of privatisation, highlighting: ‘There is a need to set standards, monitor progress, evaluate performance and other activities associated with giving former monopolies the freedom to undertake public services.’ (Lynch, 2006 ) The Benefit Fraud Inspectorate was highly critical of the contract that existed between LBI and ITNet suggesting is was ‘failing’ and ‘weak’ (BFI 0476/02. The contract specification had a detrimental affect on the Council’s ability to monitor the performance of ITNet ‘LBI†¦is unable to measure their effectiveness or success because it does not have monitoring in place†¦which it makes it difficult for LBI to take strategic decisions about how best to deal with the problems..’ (BFI 0476/02). The lack of skills to negotiate contracts in Local Government has been highlighted by the Audit Commission ‘Good service procurement requires accurate specification, and robust and clear negotiation, supported by sufficient technical knowledge to evaluate cost and quality’ (Audit Commission, 2007). Conclusions and Recommendations Privatisation is perceived to be a more efficient method of allocating the resources of the state. It encourages more efficient management and improves staff commitment and interest thereby increasing customer value. For example, Westminster’s privatisation of its leisure services led to improvement in the value of the service to consumers. However, privatisation of certain services may not lead to their efficient provision. As evidenced by the housing benefits case of Islington Council, not all local services can be provided efficiently by the private sector. It is therefore appropriate to carefully select the services that should be privatised before taking the decision. this should be done by weighing the costs and benefits. If benefits outweigh costs, then the service should be privatised. On the contrary, if costs outweigh the benefits of the service then it should be provided in-house. BIBLIOGRAPHY Prokopenko, J., Pavlin, I. (1991). Entrepreneurship Development in Public Enterprises International Labour Organization, 1991 ISBN 922107286X, 9789221072867 208 pages. Bortolotti, Bernardo, Siniscalco, Domenico and Fantini, Marcella (2000). Privatisation and Institutions: A cross Country AnalysisCESifo Working Paper Series No. 375. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=257773 Siniscalco, Domenico, Bortolotti, Bernardo and Fantini, Marcella (2001). Privatisation Around the World: New Evidence from Panel DataCESifo Working Paper Series No. 600; FEEM Working Paper No. 77.2001. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=288530 or DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.288530 Frederick, d. (1994). Why Compulsory Competitive Tendering for Local Government Services is not as good as privatisation. Available online at: http://www.libertarian.co.uk/lapubs/econn/econn052.pdf David, P. (2002). Privatisation in the European Union: Theory and Policy Perspectives. New York Routledge. City of Westminster http://www.westminster.gov.uk/

Act Three Scene Three of Journeys End by RC Sheriff Essay examples --

Act Three Scene Three of Journey's End Journey's end, written in 1918, is a short play set in the trenches of World War One. The English trench is opposite a German trench with only sixty or so yards of 'no mans land' between them. The play tries to show the reality of war through ideas or comradeship and the way that the characters interact under pressure of everyday life in the trenches. The play also displays ideas of heroism through respect for other soldiers or characters. Overall it is the horror of war itself that is conveyed in this play, shown mainly through death and the lifestyle that had to be lead. Act three Scene three is the very last scene of the play. From almost the very beginning we have known that an attack from the German army is to be expected. However, the characters in the play are not sure when it will take place or in what form. As the attack could transpire at any given moment the tension is high throughout the play. This is not the only anxiety in the script at the beginning of Act three Scene three. Raleigh and Stanhope, the plays two most prominent characters, have had a large argument about the death of a mutual friend, which they do not resolve before the beginning of this scene. The strain between these two characters has been immense for the duration of the play. They were previously well acquainted but Stanhope feared that Raleigh, a recent member to the company, would think badly of him as he has become an alcoholic, and therefore refuses to acknowledge him as a friend, but just a colleague. Raleigh has found this very hard to accept. The audience is not only expecting the attack, but also for Stanhope and Raleigh to clear the air once and for all so they can re... ...is about working successfully with others in one big machine. If the parts of that machine do not work together then it will break down. He also wanted to portray the absolute horror and injustice that war has to offer. He does this extremely successfully as he makes the audience feel encapsulated in the whole experience of war. Even though he is telling them what it is like, he leaves freedom for them to develop their own view on it. Overall, I think that R.C.Sherriff was trying to say that the human side of war is futile. Nobody wins, a lot of people die without accomplishing a great deal, and from whatever angle you chose to look at it, the whole idea is pointless, causing more pain than is necessary. Should all this commotion be vital, just to gain another thirty metres, which will most probably be return to the rightful owner in due time anyway?

Act Three Scene Three of Journeys End by RC Sheriff Essay examples --

Act Three Scene Three of Journey's End Journey's end, written in 1918, is a short play set in the trenches of World War One. The English trench is opposite a German trench with only sixty or so yards of 'no mans land' between them. The play tries to show the reality of war through ideas or comradeship and the way that the characters interact under pressure of everyday life in the trenches. The play also displays ideas of heroism through respect for other soldiers or characters. Overall it is the horror of war itself that is conveyed in this play, shown mainly through death and the lifestyle that had to be lead. Act three Scene three is the very last scene of the play. From almost the very beginning we have known that an attack from the German army is to be expected. However, the characters in the play are not sure when it will take place or in what form. As the attack could transpire at any given moment the tension is high throughout the play. This is not the only anxiety in the script at the beginning of Act three Scene three. Raleigh and Stanhope, the plays two most prominent characters, have had a large argument about the death of a mutual friend, which they do not resolve before the beginning of this scene. The strain between these two characters has been immense for the duration of the play. They were previously well acquainted but Stanhope feared that Raleigh, a recent member to the company, would think badly of him as he has become an alcoholic, and therefore refuses to acknowledge him as a friend, but just a colleague. Raleigh has found this very hard to accept. The audience is not only expecting the attack, but also for Stanhope and Raleigh to clear the air once and for all so they can re... ...is about working successfully with others in one big machine. If the parts of that machine do not work together then it will break down. He also wanted to portray the absolute horror and injustice that war has to offer. He does this extremely successfully as he makes the audience feel encapsulated in the whole experience of war. Even though he is telling them what it is like, he leaves freedom for them to develop their own view on it. Overall, I think that R.C.Sherriff was trying to say that the human side of war is futile. Nobody wins, a lot of people die without accomplishing a great deal, and from whatever angle you chose to look at it, the whole idea is pointless, causing more pain than is necessary. Should all this commotion be vital, just to gain another thirty metres, which will most probably be return to the rightful owner in due time anyway?

Act Three Scene Three of Journeys End by RC Sheriff Essay examples --

Act Three Scene Three of Journey's End Journey's end, written in 1918, is a short play set in the trenches of World War One. The English trench is opposite a German trench with only sixty or so yards of 'no mans land' between them. The play tries to show the reality of war through ideas or comradeship and the way that the characters interact under pressure of everyday life in the trenches. The play also displays ideas of heroism through respect for other soldiers or characters. Overall it is the horror of war itself that is conveyed in this play, shown mainly through death and the lifestyle that had to be lead. Act three Scene three is the very last scene of the play. From almost the very beginning we have known that an attack from the German army is to be expected. However, the characters in the play are not sure when it will take place or in what form. As the attack could transpire at any given moment the tension is high throughout the play. This is not the only anxiety in the script at the beginning of Act three Scene three. Raleigh and Stanhope, the plays two most prominent characters, have had a large argument about the death of a mutual friend, which they do not resolve before the beginning of this scene. The strain between these two characters has been immense for the duration of the play. They were previously well acquainted but Stanhope feared that Raleigh, a recent member to the company, would think badly of him as he has become an alcoholic, and therefore refuses to acknowledge him as a friend, but just a colleague. Raleigh has found this very hard to accept. The audience is not only expecting the attack, but also for Stanhope and Raleigh to clear the air once and for all so they can re... ...is about working successfully with others in one big machine. If the parts of that machine do not work together then it will break down. He also wanted to portray the absolute horror and injustice that war has to offer. He does this extremely successfully as he makes the audience feel encapsulated in the whole experience of war. Even though he is telling them what it is like, he leaves freedom for them to develop their own view on it. Overall, I think that R.C.Sherriff was trying to say that the human side of war is futile. Nobody wins, a lot of people die without accomplishing a great deal, and from whatever angle you chose to look at it, the whole idea is pointless, causing more pain than is necessary. Should all this commotion be vital, just to gain another thirty metres, which will most probably be return to the rightful owner in due time anyway?

Participative Leadership Essay

In taking the online quiz required for this assignment I found myself to be a participative leader. This type of leader fits me perfectly and I was not surprised to see the answer. I try to engage each team member in identifying necessary goals and developing procedures or strategies for reaching those goals . Nursing management is a challenging and difficult task. The style of the manager can be important for employees’ as well as other members of the healthcare team’s acceptance of change and in motivating them to achieve a high quality of care. From this view, participative leadership can be seen as a leadership approach that relies greatly on the leader functioning as a facilitator and mentor rather than simply issue orders or make assignments. Participative leadership theories recommend that the model guidance approach is one that takes the involvement of each member of the team concerned into consideration. I encourage participation and contribution from members of the group. This helps them feel more significant and committed to the decision-making process. In participative leadership, however, the leader retains the right to allow the participation of others and eventually has the final say for the best interest of the group and entice teamwork. Teamwork is established through effective communication and a shared vision that reinforces an environment of collaboration with a constant free-flow of ideas. The leader must communicate a clear vision of where the organization is headed and how the team is going to attain this goal. I find myself trying to take complete control and responsibility for the team. I have a hard time letting go and giving in to new ideas. I need to develop better listening and compromising skills. I am not a shy or quiet spoken person/leader. I do think I am fair, honest and take pride in maintain integrity. Taking a different approach and keeping an open mind would be a good place for me to start. I most definitely will be watching for the leadership skills needed for advanced practice nurses in my clinical phase of courses. I am open to suggestions now as a leader in management in my current role. I feel it is always most important to do what is safe for the patients, the team and the organization. I am always watching the leaders of my organization and picking up skills I see as note worthy. Unfortunately, each organizations has leaders with attributes that should not be a part of leadership qualities. The most important quality that a leader can possess is honesty. The process of becoming a leader starts with honesty and builds into a trusting relationship between leader and followers. If this quality is lacking no amount of team building will be successful. Honesty is the building block of any healthy relationship. â€Å"Honesty is the most powerful weapon in business† (Fralic, 2011, p. 447). â€Å"Leaders must have a sense of one’s own character and be able to accept no less than what is beneficial for the whole group†(Fralic, 2011, p. 447) In order to function with total honesty and integrity each leader must have the mind set of what is beneficial for the whole group not just the select few or the leader (Fowler, 2010).

Leadership Styles And Traits Of Management - 1892 Words

Individuals that are in a leadership spots in a small company that have the power to upgrade a reassuring and creative work surroundings with their achievements, decisions and total leadership styles . Elsewhere fostering enjoyable work surroundings, the leadership styles and traits of management and superiors can also affect the lowest line of the company. The differences connecting leadership styles and traits are subtle, but essential. Leadership styles refer to the ways and means used to manage a crowd of people. In addition leadership styles refer to the ways and means and speculations used to get to the bottom of the problems and make decisions. In difference, leadership traits explain the appearance and character traits that are shared amongst leaders or those in a situation of power. Normally, leadership traits include physical, emotional, social and intellectual characteristics. Managers apply control over their workers, just as world leaders put forth control over a country . â€Å"Leadership traits represent the individual characteristics that go into creating a specific leadership style. They represent characteristics such as self-confidence, ambition and high energy, commonly found among leaders representing a wide variety of leadership styles. Other leadership traits include the ability to communicate effectively, motivate others and multitask. These traits allow leaders to formulate a leadership style that will move their teams or departments towardsShow MoreRelatedA Research Study Of Nestle Being The Largest And Global Food And Beverage Retailer Based1466 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"The stellar universe is not as difficult of comprehension as the real actions of other people†. 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